Sims, G. K. and E.J. English Collins Dictionary - English Definition & Thesaurus. EN. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. By 2006, only four technologies remained in commercial use: Kiviter, Galoter, Fushun, and Petrosix. [64][65], The shale oil derived from oil shale does not directly substitute for crude oil in all applications. Examples of oil-bearing shales are the Bakken Formation, Pierre Shale, Niobrara Formation, and Eagle Ford Formation. English Arabic English – Arabic ; English Spanish English ... oil shale. volume_up. Definition of shale oil in the AudioEnglish.org Dictionary. After achieving the milestone of 1 billion barrels (160 million cubic metres), its costs would decline further to $30–40 per barrel ($190–250/m3). [31], In the 10th century, the Arab physician Masawaih al-Mardini (Mesue the Younger) described a method of extraction of oil from "some kind of bituminous shale". (type of petroleum) petróleo de esquisto loc nom m locución nominal masculina: Unidad léxica estable formada de dos o más palabras que funciona como sustantivo masculino ("ojo de buey", "agua mala"). The oil ministry plans to amend the Petroleum & Natural Gas Rules 1959 to include shale in the definition of petroleum, a change that would allow private companies to explore and produce the resource in the blocks they already operate. Effects of Oil Shale Technologies", "Critics charge energy, water needs of oil shale could harm environment", "Greenpeace happy with part closure of shale oil plant", Discovery Of Water Ice Nearly Everywhere In The Solar System, "Oil Shale. Last 10 years A 1984 study estimated the EROEI of the various known oil-shale deposits as varying between 0.7–13.3[79] Results: 474. shale oil. fantastic atmosphere poisonous atmosphere? shale oil n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. [8] Oil shale serves for oil production in Estonia, Brazil, and China; for power generation in Estonia, China, and Germany; for cement production in Estonia, Germany, and China; and for use in chemical industries in China, Estonia, and Russia. Well-explored deposits, potentially classifiable as reserves, include the Green River deposits in the western United States, the Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia, deposits in Sweden and Estonia, the El-Lajjun deposit in Jordan, and deposits in France, Germany, Brazil, China, southern Mongolia and Russia. Shake Up: change the arrangement or position of.. Download Now. [37] Fuel oil, lubricating oil and grease, and ammonium sulfate were also produced. humic shale - shale that is rich in humic acids. [1][3] [57][88][89][90] A 2008 programmatic environmental impact statement issued by the US Bureau of Land Management stated that surface mining and retort operations produce 2 to 10 U.S. gallons (7.6 to 37.9 l; 1.7 to 8.3 imp gal) of waste water per 1 short ton (0.91 t) of processed oil shale. English German English – German ; English Spanish English ... where oil shale research holds first place in terms of state funding. SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases. shale-oil translation and definition in Tamil, related phrase, antonyms, synonyms, examples for shale-oil Previous of Shale. oil shale n a fine-grained shale containing oil, which can be extracted by heating [59], In-situ processing involves heating the oil shale underground. English Dictionaries. Most material © 2005, 1997, 1991 by Penguin Random House LLC. It helps you understand the word Shale with comprehensive detail, no other web page in our knowledge can explain Shale better than this page. Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales). The mineral matter in oil shale includes various fine-grained silicates and carbonates. [13][14][15], General composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic matrix, bitumens, and kerogen. ... into rocks, deep holes in the ground, etc. All our dictionaries are bidirectional, meaning that you can look up words in both languages at the same time. more_vert. [4][5] At the same time, oil-shale mining and processing raise a number of environmental concerns, such as land use, waste disposal, water use, waste-water management, greenhouse-gas emissions and air pollution. [8][40][45][46], As of 2009[update], 80% of oil shale used globally is extracted in Estonia, mainly due to the Oil-shale-fired power plants. Depositsof oil shale occur around the … The supply of oil in the first half of the 21st century, and its strategic implications for the U.S. "Global oil shale issues and perspectives. We have almost 200 lists of words from topics as varied as types of butterflies, jackets, currencies, vegetables and knots! General composition of oil shales constitutes inorganic matrix, bitumens, and kerogen. [72] A 2004 report by the United States Department of Energy stated that both the Shell technology and technology used in the Stuart Oil Shale Project could be competitive at prices above $25 per barrel, and that the Viru Keemia Grupp expected full-scale production to be economical at prices above $18 per barrel ($130/m3). You have searched the English word "Shale" which meaning "السجيل" in Arabic. in order to force open existing cracks (= narrow openings) and take out oil or gas. Oil shales vary considerably in their mineral content, chemical composition, age, type of kerogen, and depositional history and not all oil shales would necessarily be classified as shales in the strict sense. You can get more than one meaning for one word in Arabic. [3][63] Some oil shales yield sulfur, ammonia, alumina, soda ash, uranium, and nahcolite as shale-oil extraction byproducts. Although the Estonian and Chinese oil-shale industries continued to grow after World War II, most other countries abandoned their projects due to high processing costs and the availability of cheaper petroleum. Oil shale, also known as kerogen shale, is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales) can be produced. ... English American English. Several additional countries started assessing their reserves or had built experimental production plants, while others had phased out their oil shale industry. It has sought public comments in the next two weeks for the proposed amendment. It is solid at room temperature and begins to melt above approximately 37 °C (99 °F), and its boiling point is above 370 °C (698 °F). [74][75][76][77][78], A 1972 publication in the journal Pétrole Informations (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISSN 0755-561X) compared shale-based oil production unfavorably with coal liquefaction. 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