methods of irrigation and their suitability

Strong wind can disturb the spraying of water from sprinklers. Drip irrigation with saline water is one of the most effective methods to ease the current worldwide water shortage. LEC. Factors affecting the suitability of an irrigation method. Sprinkler or drip irrigation are preferred above surface irrigation on steeper or unevenly sloping lands as they require little or no land levelling. Residual Sodium Carbonate (R.S.C.) Water is an essential element for survival. the results of water testing, methods of statistical analysis, ion ratios, a Piper diagram, and a variety of groundwater irrigation suitability models were used to analyze the chemical composition of groundwater and the influence of seawater intrusion. Groundwater in coastal aquifers is often affected by seawater intrusion, resulting in water quality deterioration. The servicing of the equipment may be problematic and the costs may be high compared to the benefits. The last column indicates which irrigation method is most suitable. ( 2012 ) and El Omran et al. To maintain the equipment a high level of 'know-how' has to be available,. Unfortunately, in many cases there is no single best solution: all methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Field experience has shown that most water can be applied per irrigation application when using basin irrigation, less with border irrigation and least with furrow irrigation. Under these circumstances, sprinkler or drip irrigation are more suitable than surface irrigation. The suitability of the various irrigation methods, i.e. If, on the other hand, a large amount of irrigation water is to be applied per application, e.g. You’ll learn all the above mentioned irrigation methods in details here. To know more about irrigation, its types, methods and importance, keep visiting BYJU’S website or download the BYJU’S app for further reference. The smaller the basins, the easier their construction, operation and maintenance. Irrigation offers moisture required for growth and development, germination and other related functions. best. Still, we have to depend on some outside sources to fulfil the water requirements of our body. There are different types of irrigation practised for improving crop yield. If the infiltration rate is higher than 30 mm/hour, sprinkler or drip irrigation should be used. Here a pump is connected to pipes which generate pressure and water is sprinkled through nozzles of pipes. The modern method compensates the disadvantages of traditional methods and thus helps in the proper way of water usage. In general, drip and sprinkler irrigation are technically more complicated methods. Water is distributed through a system of pumping stations gates, ditches and canals by raising the water table. The main objective of this research is to compare different irrigation methods based upon a parametric evaluation system in an area of 41,200 ha in the Rasht region, north Iran. The module also highlights the advantages and d isad vantages of the d ifferent irrigation system s, as well as their suitability based on physical constraints and cropping system . Irrigation methods is the fifth in a series of training manuals on irrigation. The suitability of the various irrigation methods, i.e. Nutrients may also be provided to the crops through irrigation. on sandy soils and a shallow rooting crop, furrow irrigation would be most appropriate. Some physical and biological properties, such as turbidity and presence of algae, bacteria or viruses, also determine the suitability of the water for irrigation. Irrigation systems are often designed to maximise efficiencies and minimize labour […] Under very windy conditions, drip or surface irrigation methods are preferred. Irrigation land suitability analysis is given to the physical and chemical properties of soil in relation to methods of irrigation selected , . All soil types, except coarse sand with an infiltration rate of more than 30 mm/hour, can be used for surface irrigation. Standard water quality test needed for design and operation of drip irrigation system. Surface, Sprinkler or Drip Irrigation. This is often done by machines. Sub Surface Irrigation. The comparison of the different types of irrigation techniques revealed that the sprinkle and drip irrigation methods were more effective and efficient than the surface irrigation methods for improving land productivity. 5. Also, we have published details of some of these irrigation methods. The approximate rooting depths of the most Important field crops are given in Volume 4. Here, the water is distributed through watering cans by manual labour. On steeper sloping land, contour furrows can be used up to a maximum land slope of 3%. The maintenance - ploughing and furrowing - is also often done by machines. Controlled: Water is applied from the head ditch and … In drip irrigation, water is applied near the plant root through emitters or drippers, on or below the soil surface , at a low rate varying from 2 – 20 litres per hour. The result shows … The main advantage of this method is that it is cheap. Followings are the types of irrigation methods-Surface Irrigation; Localized Irrigation; Drip Irrigation; Sprinkler Irrigation; Center Pivot Irrigation; Lateral Move Irrigation; Sub-Irrigation; Manual Irrigation; A brief description of these irrigation types is given below. Flooding 3. For example: if the soil is sandy and the rooting depth of the crop is medium, it is estimated that the net depth of each irrigation application will be in the order of 35 mm. However, the climate supports cultivation throughout the year. Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements. Here, water is distributed across the land by gravity. Hence, […] The manual describes in some detail the basin and furrow irrigation methods. Irrigation is the process of supplying water to the land at regular intervals by means of canals and other artificial methods, to enhance agricultural growth and maintain the landscape during the periods of less average rainfall. The various sources of water for irrigation are wells, ponds, lakes, canals, tube-wells, and even dams. To choose an irrigation method, the farmer must know the advantages and disadvantages The process of supplying water to the crops is known as irrigation. This method is much advisable in areas facing water scarcity. Water is applied in the root zone of the crop. Micro-irrigation is the application of small quantities of water frequently directly above and below the surface of the soil, in the form of discrete drops, continuous drops through water emitters. Border irrigation can be used on sloping land up to 2% on sandy soil and 5% on clay soil. ), This means that if only little water is to be applied per application, e.g. Surface irrigation is preferred if the irrigation water contains much sediment. Surface irrigation often requires a much higher labour input - for construction, operation and maintenance - than sprinkler or drip irrigation (Figure 65). Testing of the various methods - under Sprinkler and drip irrigation, because of their high capital investment per hectare, are mostly used for high value cash crops, such as vegetables and fruit trees. The purchase of equipment requires high capital investment per hectare. Comparison of Different Irrigation Methods Based on the Parametric Evaluation Approach in West North Ahwaz Plain 261 County, (33%) was moderately suitable (S2), (%9) was classified as marginally suitable (S3), (7%) of the area was founded currently not suitable (N1) and (25%) was very unsuitable for surface irrigation due to their high slope gradient. A minimum slope of 0.05% is recommended to ensure adequate drainage. Many other crops can also be grown in basins: e.g. Applying it beneath the soil surface 4. Their operation and maintenance is simple (see Figure 66). ( 2014 ) proposed a model to assess and map irrigation water well suitability using geospatial analysis. Paddy rice is always grown in basins. The water is spread or flooded into the field, without much control or before preparation. Adhikary et al. Irrigation has stabilized the output and yield levels. In basin irrigation, the land is divided into basins. Figure 65 Surface irrigation requires a high labour input. They are seldom used for the lower value staple crops. = (CO 3 — + HCO a) – (Ca ++ + Mg ++) Irrigation waters have been grouped into classes of low, medium, high and very high, depending upon their suitability for irrigations as shown below: . The productivity on irrigated land is higher as compared to the un-irrigated land. This requires skill, organization and frequently the use of foreign currency for fuel, equipment and spare parts. if the infiltration rate is more than 30 mm/hour.). Here, a farmer pulls out water from wells or canals by himself or using cattle and carries to farming fields. The suitability of the various irrigation methods, i.e. Among these, the pump system is the most common and used widely. I like it very much. Also, the chances of water loss are very high. In general it can be stated that to operate the system, basin irrigation requires the least labour and the least skill. The type of technology affects the choice of irrigation method. Droughts and famines are caused due to low rainfall. In this system, water is applied to each plant through a network of pipes under low pressure. 18 Methods Of Irrigation - Suitability, Advantages And ... ... Sign in A sprinkler system, as its name suggests, sprinkles water over the crop and helps in an even distribution of water. Surface II. In this type of irrigation, either the field is flooded (this is known as Basin Irrigation) or the water is fed into small channels (this is known as furrow irrigation). Omran proposed a simple method to assess the groundwater quality and to map its spatial variation in terms of suitability for irrigation in the Darb El-Arbaein area, Southwestern Desert, Egypt. The increased number of alternative irrigation methods, drought and water shortages, increasing demand for food, concern for environmental protection, government involvement in the promotion of pressurized irrigation and private sector interest (the interest of suppliers of irrigation equipments to increase their income regardless of the consequences for farmers) have heightened … Short, level furrows - also called furrow basins - can, like basins, be constructed and maintained by hand. Water application efficiency (see Annex 4, step 8) is generally higher with sprinkler and drip irrigation than surface irrigation and so these methods are preferred when water is in short supply. on a clay soil and with a deep rooting crop, border or basin irrigation would be more appropriate. or Border Irrigation, 7.1 Surface, Sprinkler or Drip Irrigation. These costs should then be compared with the expected benefits (yields). The equipment needed is often easier to maintain and less dependent on the availability of foreign currency. The various sources of water for irrigation are wells, ponds, lakes, canals, tube-wells and even dams. Surface irrigation systems - in particular small-scale schemes - usually require less sophisticated equipment for both construction and maintenance (unless pumps are used). Furrow irrigation is best used for irrigating row crops such as maize, vegetables and trees. The sediments may clog the drip or sprinkler irrigation systems. 230 IRRIGATION SUITABILITY RATINGS AND OKRA PRODUCTIVITY OF SOME MID-BENUE TROUGH SOILS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 1Abagyeh, S. O. I., 2Ibo, P. I. and 1Idoga, S. 1Department of Soil Science, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, Benue State 2Benue Agricultural and Rural Development Authority, Makurdi, Benue State Corresponding Author’s e-mail: … Basin Irrigation method is primarily used for crops that stand in water for more extended periods, flat lands where rice is grown or in terraces on hillsides. Irrigation efficiency, application efficiency will be d iscussed in relation to water use efficiency. Varied quantities of water are allowed on the fields at different times. Irrigation is the process of applying water to the crops artificially to fulfil their water requirements. The suitability of the various irrigation methods, i.e., surface, sprinkler or drip irrigation depends mainly on the following factors: a. Figure 67 Basin irrigation is relatively easy, 7.1 Surface, In this case medium furrows or short borders. Especially if the basins are small, they can be constructed by hand or animal traction. 2.4 Crop-Water requirement calculation by Penman method and computer software (CROPWAT-8) 2.5 Principal crops, their seasons and water requirements 2.6 Method of applying water to irrigation field as surface, sub-surface and Sprinkler methods 2.7 Techniques of surface irrigation and their suitability Let us have a look at different types of irrigation and the methods used for irrigation. Those crops that cannot stand a very wet soil for more than 12-24 hours should not be grown in basins. Unfortunately, in many cases there is no single best solution: all methods Surface irrigation requires accurate land levelling, regular maintenance and a high level of farmers' organization to operate the system. 1. It is not suitable for close growing crops (e.g. In areas of supplementary irrigation, sprinkler or drip irrigation may be more suitable than surface irrigation because of their flexibility and adaptability to varying irrigation demands on the farm. This type of irrigation is rarely used as it requires more maintenance. Cost/benefit analysis is, however, beyond the scope of this manual. Suitable than surface irrigation methods inputs for construction and maintenance are less labour-intensive guidelines leading a! Capital investment per hectare loam or clay soils with low infiltration rates are ideally suited to surface methods. Combined with more skill be required to achieve the required labour inputs for and. Be high compared to winter crops is obvious that farmers will only be interested implementing! Of traditional methods and thus helps in the root zone of the irrigator as the method used irrigation... 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