For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders. City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first "all Berlin" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin. Capitals of European states and territories. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local broadsheets (Berliner Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel), and three major tabloids, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung. [15] East Berlin was declared capital of East Germany, while Bonn became the West German capital. Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important birthplace of the LGBT rights movement. [225] Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian[226] and vegan[227] cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week. Berlin's summer is warm with average high temperatures of 23°C (73°F). Location. American electric car manufacturer Tesla is building its first European Gigacatory just outside of the city in Grünheide (Mark). The Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany; it stands as a symbol of eventful European history and of unity and peace. [127] The Federal Foreign Office and the ministries and departments of Defense, Justice and Consumer Protection, Finance, Interior, Economic Affairs and Energy, Labor and Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Food and Agriculture, Economic Cooperation and Development, Health, Transport and Digital Infrastructure and Education and Research are based in the capital. Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (Bezirke). Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920. [115] The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies.[116][117]. German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin. [74] Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22 in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. The climate of the city is continental with some features of maritime weather. "Micro-Scale Variability of Air Temperature within a Local Climate Zone in Berlin, Germany, during Summer" Climate 6, no. Nearby on TauentzienstraÃe is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. [136][137], Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. Spring and autumn are generally chilly to mild. [14] After World War II and its subsequent occupation by the victorious countries, the city was divided; West Berlin became a de facto West German exclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961â1989) and East German territory. Sandy Mecklenburg in the northeast has many glacier-formed lakes dating to the last glacial period. It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. Germany Climate change already affecting German farmers. One of Europe's largest delicatessen markets is found at the KaDeWe, and among the world's largest chocolate stores is Fassbender & Rausch.[232]. Berlin is also home to a diverse gastronomy scene reflecting the immigrant history of the city. [234] It was the home of the captive-born celebrity polar bear Knut. The Gemäldegalerie (Painting Gallery) focuses on the paintings of the "old masters" from the 13th to the 18th centuries, while the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery, built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe) specializes in 20th-century European painting. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. The average temperatures are between -2.8°C (27°F) and 2.8°C (37°F) as conditions remain cold and regularly below freezing. [170] It is estimated Berlin has 710 bicycles per 1000 residents. Forty-seven elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Since 2014 this office has been held by Michael Müller of the Social Democrats.[119]. [245] and was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015. With an area of 43 hectares (110 acres) and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. Its 3,769,495 inhabitants as of 31 December 2019 make it the most-populous city of the European Union, according to population within city limits.One of Germany's 16 constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, and contiguous with ⦠Some of the city's electric energy is imported from nearby power plants in southern Brandenburg.[174]. German international public broadcaster Deutsche Welle has its TV production unit in Berlin, and most national German broadcasters have a studio in the city including ZDF and RTL. 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Berlin, Germany â After a five-hour hearing today, the Berlin Administrative Court decided that a complaint seeking more climate protection is admissible in principle, but dismissed the lawsuit considering that fundamental rights of three farming families are not yet compromised. Berlin was completely divided. [23] The city is well known for its festivals, diverse architecture, nightlife, contemporary arts and a very high quality of living. This means claims about violations of fundamental rights could become the basis of future lawsuits ⦠Berlin is an important center in the European and German film industry. Museum Berggruen houses the collection of noted 20th century collector Heinz Berggruen, and features an extensive assortment of works by Picasso, Matisse, Cézanne, and Giacometti, among others. ), Mende, Hans-Jürgen (Hrsg. We use cookies and other tracking technologies on the website to improve your browsing experience, display personalized content and targeted ads, analyze website traffic, and learn where our visitors are coming from. The month with most sunshine is June (Average sunshine: 7.4h). Monthly weather forecast and climate for Berlin, Germany. Berlin (/bÉËrËlɪn/; German: [bÉÊËliËn] (listen)[7])] is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. [37] Berlin-Cölln, however, had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city. In the mid-1950s it was closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, pedestrian traffic was heavily restricted. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran. [246], The annual Berlin Marathon – a course that holds the most top-10 world record runs – and the ISTAF are well-established athletic events in the city. In addition around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as Der Spiegel, and Die Zeit reenforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. [31] The two towns over time formed close economic and social ties, and profited from the staple right on the two important trade routes Via Imperii and from Bruges to Novgorod. [217] Berlin is also well known for the cultural festival Berliner Festspiele, which includes the jazz festival JazzFest Berlin, and Young Euro Classic, the largest international festival of youth orchestras in the world. The East Berlin system which inherited the Hauptelegraphenamt, the central hub of the system, was in operation until 1976, Berlin's two largest energy provider for private households are the Swedish firm Vattenfall and the Berlin-based company GASAG. Annual Weather Averages Near Berlin. [27] Since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär (bear), a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. [105] According to the Berlin residents register, in 2018 14.9 percent were members of the Evangelical Church, and 8.5 percent were members of the Catholic Church. Airline service to West Berlin was granted only to American, British and French airlines. The Neues Museum, which displays the bust of Queen Nefertiti,[201] Alte Nationalgalerie, Pergamon Museum, and Bode Museum were built there. [72][71], Due to its transitional climate zones, frosts are common in winter and there are larger temperature differences between seasons than typical for many oceanic climates. Since Berlin, Germany is in the Temperate zone, the temperatures are more mild compared to the Tropical zone and the Polar zone. It is therefore a canting arm. In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany.[58]. [8][9] Its 3,769,495 inhabitants as of 31 December 2019[2] make it the most-populous city of the European Union, according to population within city limits. Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The expanded Deutsches Historisches Museum reopened in the Zeughaus with an overview of German history spanning more than a millennium. The wireless networks are concentrated mostly in central districts; 650 hotspots (325 indoor and 325 outdoor access points) are installed. With the world's oldest large-scale movie studio complex, Berlin is an increasingly popular location for international film productions. The month with the longest days is June (Average daylight: 16.7h). Both airports together handled 29.5 million passengers in 2015. The focal point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered, but various private fireworks displays take place throughout the entire city. [109], About 0.9% of Berliners belong to other religions. ⦠[177] The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996. The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing the works of Bertolt Brecht, was established in 1949. Berlin will host the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games. After 1949 the system was split in two separated networks. The annual Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) with around 500,000 admissions is considered to be the largest publicly attended film festival in the world. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. Berlin's 2001 administrative reform merged several boroughs, reducing their number from 23 to 12. Organizers said more than a million people participated in ⦠One of Germany's 16 constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg, and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's capital. You â ll also find Germany â s climate to be a good fit if you want to be in a place with four distinct seasons. Ivan Fischer is its principal conductor. FriedrichstraÃe was Berlin's legendary street during the Golden Twenties. Berlin Climate In Berlin, the climate is cold and temperate. Berlin had 788 hotels with 134,399 beds in 2014. Berlin has a long history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology. The StraÃe des 17. The Berlin 380-kV electric line is the backbone of the city's energy grid. Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union. [45] Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949. [26] As early as 1841 it was designated a "district dedicated to art and antiquities" by a royal decree. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize. [208] The leftover stretch along the Spree river in Friedrichshain remains as the East Side Gallery. And its major cities, including Berlin, Hamburg, and Cologne, cannot escape the âurban heat island effect.â This happens when natural landscapes are replaced with buildings and asphalt streets that absorb and store more heat, ma⦠Additional suburbs soon developed and increased the area and population of Berlin. [184] Among them around 18% have an international background. Averages are for Berlin Tempelhof Airport, which is 4 miles from Berlin. [190] The Berlin School of Economics and Law has an enrollment of about 11,000 students, the Beuth University of Applied Sciences Berlin of about 12,000 students, and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences for Engineering and Economics) of about 14,000 students. [56] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. From 1470, with the new elector Albrecht III Achilles, Berlin-Cölln became the new royal residence. The capital of Germany and second most populated city in Europe is situated in eastern part of the country close to border with Poland. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. [citation needed] Since 2011, a number of app based e-car and e-scooter sharing services have evolved. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. The Funkturm Berlin is a 150-meter-tall (490 ft) lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926. The city was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser, until 1918. 80.000 pieces; Delivery in original packaging; This 5 Euro collector's coin is the fourth issue of the five-part series "Climate Zones of the Earth" and is dedicated to the Subpolar Zone. Typical Germanized place name suffixes of Slavic origin are -ow, -itz, -vitz, -witz, -itzsch and -in, prefixes are Windisch and Wendisch. [221] Simon Rattle is its principal conductor. After the royal palace was finished in 1451, it gradually came into use. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas. [94] A portion of the African immigrants have settled in the Afrikanisches Viertel. [68], Berlin has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb);[69] the eastern part of the city has a slight continental influence (Dfb), especially in the 0 °C isotherm, one of the changes being the annual rainfall according to the air masses and the greater abundance during a period of the year. Siemens, a Global 500 and DAX-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin. Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year.[149]. The German landscape is filled with dense forests, verdant meadows, and rolling green hills. It began construction in 2006, with the intention of replacing Tegel Airport (TXL) and Schönefeld Airport (SXF) as the single commercial airport of Berlin. [32], In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740â1786), came to power. There are also 86 public libraries in the city. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Taschenkalender. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s. The Bauhaus Archive is a museum of 20th century design from the famous Bauhaus school. Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings. [111] There are 36 Baptist congregations (within Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany), 29 New Apostolic Churches, 15 United Methodist churches, eight Free Evangelical Congregations, four Churches of Christ, Scientist (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 11th), six congregations of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, an Old Catholic church, and an Anglican church in Berlin. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. Since 2015, the Arkenberge hills in Pankow at 122 meters (400 ft) elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin. [191] In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in research and development in the city. At present, Berlin consists of 96 subdistricts, which are commonly made up of several smaller residential areas or quarters. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company Deutsche Wohnen and the online food delivery service Delivery Hero. Each of which publish books, periodicals, and multimedia products. [93] The last decade experienced an influx from various Western countries and some African regions. By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility. It partners with major multinational companies such as Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, and SAP. All of the national governments based in Berlin – the Kingdom of Prussia, the 2nd German Empire of 1871, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany, as well as the reunified Germany – initiated ambitious reconstruction programs, with each adding its own distinctive style to the city's architecture. Berlin is one of the world's most livable cities. [90] The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of 30,546 km2 (11,794 sq mi). The oldest and most popular division-1 team based in Berlin is the soccer club Hertha BSC. Simply put, Germany â s weather tends to be wetter, cloudier, and more unpredictable. [20][21] Berlin serves as a continental hub for air and rail traffic and has a highly complex public transportation network. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators and has a restaurant 55 m (180 ft) and an observation deck 126 m (413 ft) above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator. German is one of 24 languages of the European Union,[101] and one of the three working languages of the European Commission. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. [133], Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT). It carries vehicles, pedestrians, and the U1 Berlin U-Bahn line. [2][108] Between 1992 and 2011 the Muslim population almost doubled. Explore Berlin's sunrise and sunset, moonrise and moonset. These subdistricts became urbanized and incorporated into the city later on. [173], From 1865 until 1976 Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length. Berlin has installed several hundred free public Wireless LAN sites across the capital since 2016. [140], Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom. Typical street scene at Simon-Dach-StraÃe. [41], By 1700, approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French, because of the Huguenot immigration. Find Other Styles Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. Februar", "BVG will verlängerte U5 am 4. Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom,[44] replacing Königsberg. The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz. [238] Tempelhofer Feld, the site of the former city airport, is the world's largest inner-city open space. Berlin is the seat of the Roman Catholic archbishop of Berlin and EKBO's elected chairperson is titled the bishop of EKBO. [159] A total of 979 bridges cross 197 km (122 mi) of inner-city waterways. Berlin has more than 80 mosques,[112] ten synagogues,[113] and two Buddhist temples. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science. Berlin is home to 44 theaters and stages. [1] The city's population density was 4,206 inhabitants per km2. The Oberbaumbrücke over the Spree river is Berlin's most iconic bridge, connecting the now-combined boroughs of Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg. The month with the highest number of rainy days is December (11.4 days). [193], One of Europe's successful research, business and technology clusters is based at WISTA in Berlin-Adlershof, with more than 1,000 affiliated firms, university departments and scientific institutions.[194]. [100], There are more than 20 nonindigenous communities with a population of at least 10,000 people, including Turkish, Polish, Russian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Serbian, Italian, Bosnian, Vietnamese, American, Romanian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Chinese, Austrian, Ukrainian, French, British, Spanish, Israeli, Thai, Iranian, Egyptian and Syrian communities. The Komische Oper has traditionally specialized in operettas and is also at Unter den Linden. Future applications for broadband networks are developed as well. NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 as a result of emigration between 1933 and 1939. [62] Due to the fall in passenger numbers resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, plans were announced to temporarily close BER's Terminal 5, the former Schönefeld Airport, beginning in March 2021 for up to one year. [215][216] The Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every Pentecost weekend. And it rains consistently year-round. [145] The city recorded 28.7 million overnight hotel stays and 11.9 million hotel guests in 2014. Get Berlin's weather and area codes, time zone and DST. Berlin today is consistently rated as an important world city for street art culture. For example, the district of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg has a partnership with the Israeli city of Kiryat Yam. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 different countries. Today ethnic Germans from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community. Public transportation in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. [211] The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the Watergate, Tresor and Berghain. In 2019, the urban area of Berlin had about 4.5 million inhabitants. [2] The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects church tax on behalf of the churches. Travelers can access all modes of transport with a single ticket. Germany is located in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere and a general description of the climate is hardly possible due to its geographical location. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by the key role it played in Germany's history during the 20th century. [59] On 18 June 1994, soldiers from the United States, France and Britain marched in a parade which was part of the ceremonies to mark the withdrawal of allied occupation troops allowing a reunified Berlin[60] (the last Russian troops departed on 31 August, while the final departure of Western Allies forces was on 8 September 1994). Charlottenburg Palace, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin. Wetlands and marshy conditions are found close to the Dutch border and along the Frisian coast. Each borough has a number of subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election. It combines 20th-century traditions with the modern architecture of today's Berlin. Starting here the Karl-Marx-Allee heads east, an avenue lined by monumental residential buildings, designed in the Socialist Classicism style. Berlin lies in northeastern Germany, east of the River Elbe, that once constituted, together with the River (Saxon or Thuringian) Saale (from their confluence at Barby onwards), the eastern border of the Frankish Realm. [133] The historic Babelsberg Studios and the production company UFA are adjacent to Berlin in Potsdam. East Berlin included most of the city's historic center. National and international migration into the city has a long history. The KitKatClub and several other locations are known for their sexually uninhibited parties. [212][213] Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. It is bordered by two similarly designed cathedrals, the Französischer Dom with its observation platform and the Deutscher Dom. 54 percent of them were single-person households. The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Glacial Valley and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. In the early 20th century, Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. High Temp: 76 °F. And it rains consistently year-round. [135] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. [124], Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany. This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream. Its main exhibition area covers more than 160,000 square meters (1,722,226 sq ft). [237] In Kreuzberg, the Viktoriapark provides a viewing point over the southern part of inner-city Berlin. Berlin has three major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum claims to be the world's largest erotic museum.[205]. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer StraÃe and on Unter den Linden. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the lahmajoun and falafel, which have become common fast food staples. [243] The IAAF World Championships in Athletics was held in the Olympiastadion in 2009. Much ornamentation on prewar buildings was destroyed following modernist dogmas, and in both postwar systems, as well as in the reunified Berlin, many important heritage structures have been reconstructed, including the Forum Fridericianum along with, the State Opera (1955), Charlottenburg Palace (1957), the monumental buildings on Gendarmenmarkt (1980s), Kommandantur (2003) and also the project to reconstruct the baroque façades of the City Palace. [244] The city hosted the Basketball Euroleague Final Four in 2009 and 2016. [133] The Haus der Kulturen der Welt presents exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences. [57] In 1961, East Germany began to build the Berlin Wall around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. 237 ] in 2015, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the citizenry lost of... Be seen at the same all over the country Museum was built in city. Most livable cities: 16.7h ) in the city 's population density was 4,206 inhabitants km2... The 21st century MTV Europe and one of the German city 1685, II. In 1443, Frederick William offered asylum to the occupation Zones into which Germany was divided 183 ] record. Which publish books, periodicals, and image signal processing and transmission government exceeded â¬310 ( $ )... For musical Theater performances are the largest remaining evidence of the Reichstag 2.7 % of Global. 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