ammonium phosphate manufacturing process pdf

14. NH 3 + H 3 PO 4 à NH 4 H 2 PO 4. In this process, granular DAP (diammonium phosphate) is formed by mixing 18% nitrogen and 46% phosphorus pentoxide. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. z.\ /}�^��)~&��>��O/Q*^�:�u��Ք�w�Q�}��1J5��&_��4~$7AKt�6ȝ�{��M]|�<5��z��F��&6�V�Hds��7�T��UL�oF��A�s/[��3C�Yy��X^`�Ty�&�E��x�e�8� g��0��i��p�䄍��j4�Q;�3�H�T��3�1|^z�NZ��jӘ,mM6�z7�ld$��t��KPu�63ڌ��o_�U/��WN��*��ȼ3��t��e"dۃFa3��Y�&Xq-�s�FV��ˮ��eC�H�1��v~!m�ފz�5y�p��a#Dz�H��2��!u*�7V;d}��rC�8�Qo�(^r$r2�;��v�줸�9�j�T�D��ʤ�+�xP�Zrf. By operating according to the present process, I am not confined to any particular strength of acid. Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium phosphate is an incomplete complex fertilizer and both monoammonium and diammonium phosphates are manufactured by the combination of ammonia with H 3PO 4 and also by treating with rock phosphate with H 2 SO 4and (NH 4 ) 2SO 4 as follows: NH3+ H 3PO 4 = NH 4H 2PO 4 (Mono-ammonium phosphate) 2 NH3+ H 3PO 4 = (NH 4 ) 2 H 2PO 4 If it is desired to obtain a crystal of maximum purity, the pH should be maintained within the narrower limits given above, and particularly as close to 7.4 as possible. By such means I am enabled to produce a diammonium phosphate of very high purity. The non-granular form is used as a liquid fertiliser. The crystals of ammonium phosphate are removed from the saturator by the air lift 6, of conventional design, and deposited, together with the mother liquor, in drain box 7. A process for producing diammonium phosphate, comprising reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid in solution under conditions to maintain in said solution a hydrogen ion concentration between the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6. The following description, when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, will serve as an example of one way in which my invention may be practiced. Ammonium phosphates are produced by mix-ing phosphoric acid and anhydrous ammonia in a reactor to produce a slurry. "Mixed" fertilizers contain two or more primary nutrients. Step 1 - Phosphate rock blending and grinding Phosphate rock from different sources have different phosphate, fluoride and silica contents. manufacturing fertilizers from raw materials, and the recovery of fertilizers as valuable by-products from waste streams or other processes. Figure 1. the production of ammonium phosphates (monoammonium phosphate, or MAP, and diammonium phosphate, or DAP), nitrophos-phates, potash, and compound fertilizers. The production cost report by Procurement Resource assesses the production of diammonium phosphate from phosphoric acid and ammonia. In addition to calcium levels, ammonia and phosphate levels should be monitored. 8. %PDF-1.2 %�� Phosphate water solubility is very important for early plant growth. One object of this invention is the provision of a direct process by which ammonium phosphate may be produced continuously by reaction of ammonia gas and phosphoric acid. Table 1: Process alternatives for the production of phosphoric acid In the phosphoric acid process, the sulfuric acid reacts with the phosphate rock, forming phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate (gypsum). The most important ones are single and triple superphosphates (SSP, TSP) and ammonium phosphates (MAP, DAP). !� o�ᵃj�+8k�� 'c��\�7fG�M��ʯ��o�L��A�a��tNP��[/��Ĉ�*��)��؍M�v`��v0��3��qpN�(!o\��ںʙ�ȶ��-��xM�`�+��i�m��p�toPx��ޔN��W��v�G�Cet��0�&�\�o�d屻�ߋ47�3ΐ��@��ah�nG�1�ק�;P�s�ZiQ�0yg�6�e� ]�F��`�{�yp��Ĉhf.��q��n!X��Mt:O�y$�Ռ�x1+�Ք��D�7«4� endstream endobj 7 0 obj 1298 endobj 17 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /im1 /Filter /FlateDecode /Width 2443 /Height 209 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace [ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 16 0 R ] /Length 18 0 R >> stream 2.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION Normal Superphosphates Normal superphosphates are prepared by reacting ground phosphate rock with 65 to 75 percent sulfuric acid. The production of liquid ammonium phosphate and ammoniated superphosphates in fertilizer mixing plants is considered a separate process. H��o��q��DY��eX�5ɂ��u�s7�IW oE��X��%��$�ۀ�F��u.��f[.�Y��O;琔H��-ۭb��i#��NR��Y �}�� f�f;� �wQ �s�;� x:��}��)�mߵ��oo�B��*��n��yy��h�{m��Q�N�)��T9�z�*��w5��V�*�^�.k�6��M�}��G�(k�/�Cί9�t�zί哭��eyG�TS�js��|G_�\��9 t�nBK��(�ja+_�S�9�B�~.��Q��ŷ�}+�;k| ��zm|��*��] m��.��=i��1qb^X�X�;��ᱣ�@n�b��6GY0cOQ3��I��j�K�3>�0��1-�e�ѫ��Ōa��_�>e�̊�x�M��7g�;��~p��1�(��S4��ф��N��Qd��;*�x�V}�̢��|��/�u�)V��߀��UE$B�B�'��b��_�6��g��{��U��弌�o�V\[{��J��no��\O��6]Uu,�"��S�>��P��0��U$�6�C��9S��j^��q��Q��)J�$��m?8Z��L�c�Q6�Է�>� %1j�Mt3i�|��1}�!��`�E!��(�Z��I.^*��T�ֱe��M�!$��w� �p��V��&��}�Ǡ�&4�I{��Mw3tvAu�-e��w��i�� A process for producing ammonium phosphates, comprising reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid in a solution containing impurities and under conditions to maintain in said solution a hydrogen ion concentration between the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6, removing said impurities from said solution, adding phosphoric acid to said 35, purified solution to produce therein a hydrogen ion concentration between the limits of pH=5.6 and pH=6.2, and crystallizing ammonium phosphate from said solution. See the process flow diagram (Figure 4). By regulating the quantity of heat supplied with the gas, it is possible to control 75 the evaporation of water from the saturator and thus prevent accumulation of mother liquor. It is a highly unstable compound with the formula (NH 4) 3 PO 4. Dibasic Ammonium Phosphate 7783-28-0 Ammonium Phosphates—Inorganic Salt Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic ... safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice. Ammonium sulfate as by-product The right choice for you GEA Messo PT has a reference list of over fifty successful ammonium sulfate crystallizer installations around the world, has several patents on associated process and equipment features, and continues to work hard on improving its technology for the benefit of its clients. "Straight" fertilizers contain only a single nutrient. The crystals forming from a solution with a pH between 5.6 and 6.2 are large and of a non-clinging type. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (chemical formula (NH 4) 2 HPO 4, IUPAC name diammonium hydrogen phosphate) is one of a series of water-soluble ammonium phosphate salts that can be produced when ammonia reacts with phosphoric acid. 11. One object of this invention is the provision of a direct process by which ammonium phosphate may be produced continuously by reaction of ammonia gas and phosphoric acid. This practice minimizes potential loss by leaching. I have now discovered that the ammonium phosphates may be prepared by reacting gaseous ammonia and phosphoric acid together in a reaction mixture of predetermined hydrogen ion concentration. A process for producing diammonium phosphate, comprising reacting ammonia as contained in by-product gases with phosphoric acid dissolved in a solution of ammonium phosphate, and maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution during the reaction between the limits of pH=7.2 and pH=7.4. & Terms of Use. Phosphate Ore 1.6. and more… Spherical porous titanium dioxide materials, with nanostructure composition, were chemically synthesized from titanate nanotubes via a simple hydrothermal technique, then added as a catalyst to accelerate the route of ammonium phosphate hydrolysis for hydrogen production. I have found that most satisfactory operation, from the standpoint of crystal size, will be obtained within the latter limits; although it is possible to obtain less efficient operation over a 55 range including the wider limits above stated. A process for producing ammonium phosphates, comprising reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid in solution under conditions to maintain in said solution a hydrogen ion concentration between the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6, forming thereby a saturated solution containing diammonium phosphate, and then adding phosphoric acid to said solution. Production. The ammonia recovered by com- 0O bination will, of course, vary with the temperature of the saturator and the pH of the liquor, being somewhat higher in the lower pH range. In subsequent steps, the filtered acid is then con- 9. Ammonium Phosphate Uses. From time to time the crystals which have collected are removed from the drain box to the centrifuge 10 by means of sluice-way I. 3:27. A direct process for producing diammonium phosphate, comprising reacting ammonia as contained in by-product coke-oven gas with phosphoric acid dissolved in a solution of ammonium go phosphate, maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration of said solution during the reaction between the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6, and maintaining the temperature of said solution between 400 and 600 C. 5. Referring again to Figure 1 of the drawing, a filter 20 is shown supplied with mother liquor by pipe 21, which connects with the saturator 4. Both solid and liquid ammonium phosphate fertilizers are produced in the U. S. This discussion covers only the granulation of phosphoric acid with anhydrous ammonia to produce granular fertilizer. 9. Most phosphate fertilizers are highly water soluble. This is done conveniently by bringing the gases into secondary scrubber 16 by means of pipe 15, and therein contacting the gases with a further quantity of phosphoric acid contained in scrubber 16, the gases leaving scrubber 16 by means of pipe 27 to means of utilization not shown. A novel process for making monoammonium phosphate includes a pre-neutralizing step, a pipeline reactor step, and the projection of a stream of reactants from the pipeline reactor onto a moving belt, to result in a foamed, dry friable product. In carrying out this variation of my process, 7 I find it desirable to supply heat to the diammonium phosphate solution flowing through pipe 26 by means of heater 28, so that crystals are prevented from forming until the addition of phosphoric acid in vessel 30 is complete. If strong acid, say 75% H3PO4, is available, I find it necessary to supply very little heat to the gases by means of heater 2. Phosphate water solubility is very important for early plant growth. A weak phosphoric acid (40-55%) is produced from the reaction of PR with sulfuric acid, using a wet- process. Grade is oft\൥n expressed in terms of bone phosphate of lime \⠀䈀倀䰀尩 or phosphorus pentoxide \⠀倀㈀伀㔀尩. As a result of extensive tests on the influence of hydrogen ion concentration on the properties of ammonium phosphate crystals, I have come to the conclusion that such crystals are probably more sensitive to acid concentration than are the crystals of ammonium sulphate, which compound is now so commonly made as a by-product in coke manufacturing plants. The 756 actual amount of ammonia in the scrubbed gases is relatively small, amounting to from 5% to 20% of that entering the scrubber; and, hence, in many cases the gas may be further processed without regard to its presence. In a direct process for producing diammonium phosphate by the reaction of coke-oven gas ammonia with phosphoric acid in a solution of diammonium phosphate, said solution having a hydrogen ion concentration within the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6 the steps comprising removing portions of said solution, purifying said portions by filtration, and returning the filtered portions again to the reacting solution. 13. Production Cost Report dap-e11a ammonia-e21a,npk-e11a,npk-e11a Diammonium Phosphate Diammonium Phosphate DAP Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate Diammonium Phosphate (a.k.a. NPK 1.3. The use of BPL is from the outdated bel對ief that P in PR existed as tricalcium phosphate. A direct process for producing diammonium phosphate, comprising reacting ammonia as contained in by-product coke-oven gas with phosphoric acid dissolved in a solution of ammonium phosphate, and maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution during the reaction between the limits of pH=7.2 and pH=7.4, while maintaining the temperature between 450 and 500 C. 6. AMMONIUM SULFATE Ammonium sulfate containing 21% nitrogen is another important nitrogenous fertilizer. Table 1: Process alternatives for the production of phosphoric acid In the phosphoric acid process, the sulfuric acid reacts with the phosphate rock, forming phosphoric acid and calcium sulfate (gypsum). & Terms of Use. In addition to calcium levels, potassium and phosphate levels should be monitored. I have also noted that the crystalline habit of the crystals forming within this pH range changes from the needle type forming in a pH range of 5.6 to 5.8 to a pronounced prismatic type in a pH range of from 5.8 to 6.4. SSP & TSP 1.4. Diammonium Phosphate Mosaic Crop Nutrition CCA Commercial 2 5 NM CEU Fertilizers and Soil Amendments MAP & DAP 1.5. --Ammonium salts have a hypothetical risk of ammonia toxicity. This invention relates to a process for the production of ammonium phosphate, and particularly diammonium phosphate. 1.1. The plan is to add three quantities (1g, 2g, and 3g) of copper (II) phosphate into machine lubricant and test it on metal surfaces. A concentrated phosphoric acid with above 90% by weight H 3 PO 4 can be used as starting reagent. An important factor in the production of normal superphosphates is the In the case of the formation of diammonium phosphate crystals by a similar reaction, it is known that these crystals will form over a rather wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations, for example, a range of pH of from 6.8 to 7.8 is generally accepted. The use of BPL is from the outdated bel對ief that P in PR existed as tricalcium phosphate. A method for producing monoammonium phosphate, comprising reacting a dilute gaseous ammonia with phosphoric acid dissolved in a solution of ammonium phosphate, maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration of said solution during reaction between the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6, and maintaining the temperature of the solution between 400 and 600 C. to produce a saturated solution of diammonium phosphate, filtering said solution, adding thereto sufficient phosphoric acid to form monoammonium phosphate, and recovering said monoammium phosphate from solution. DAP, Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate) is an important ammonium phosphate salt, widely used as a fertilizer all over the world. Down below is a list of some of the major use cases of ammonium phosphate: Ammonium phosphate is used as a leavening agent during the process of baking These rocks are mixed in the blending plant to produce a … Fertilizer Machine T writes: Phosphoric acid can be produced by decomposing phosphate rock with sulfuric acid and directly purchasing commercial phosphoric acid when conditions permit, so as to reduce investment and simplify npk fertilizer manufacturing process.The advantage of this method is that it can produce not only ammonium phosphate but also npk fertilizer. Referring to Figure 1, a by-product gas, such, for example, as coke-oven gas containing about 1% of NH3, by volume, passes by means of pipe I into a heater 2, where its temperature may be adjusted, if necessary. The copper (II) phosphate would be obtained by creating a chemical reaction between copper (II) chloride and ammonium phosphate, the precipitate of copper (II) phosphate is then added to the lubricant. This practice minimizes potential loss by leaching. With a pH between 6.8 to 7.0, the crystals are decidedly larger; and, when a pH of 7.2 to 7.4 is reached, the crystals are large and well formed, do not adhere to the metallic surfaces of the saturator, and settle rapidly from the solution. Acid is added to the saturator solution by means of pipe 5, either continuously or intermittently, in order to maintain the desired predetermined acid concentration in the saturator. Solid diammonium phosphate shows a dissociation pressure of ammonia as given by the following expression and equation: The temperature of the saturator solution should be maintained within the range of 400-60 0 C., and advantageously within the range of 45°-50, C., either by heating the incoming gas in the heater 2 or by supplying external heat to the saturator itself. The gas then passes by means of pipe 3 into saturator 4, where the contained ammonia is neutralized by means of phosphoric acid in a solution of suitable hydrogen ion concentration. * It’s made of two constituents common in the fertilizer industry and contains the most phosphorus of any common solid fertilizer. 3:27. In a direct process for producing diammonium phosphate by the reaction of coke-oven gas ammonia with phosphoric acid, in which crystals of diammonium phosphate settle out in one part of a saturated solution thereof, said solution having a hydrogen ion concentration within the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6 the step of withdrawing a portion of such saturated solution, purifying the same by filtration, and returning the filtered solution to that part of the saturated solution into which said crystals have settled. MAP & DAP 1.5. A process for producing diammonium phosphate, comprising reacting ammonia with phosphoric acid in solution and maintaining the hydrogen ion concentration therein between the limits of pH=7.2 and pH=7.4. Phosphorus Fertilizer Production and Technology. Sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is important in the production of fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate (sulfate of ammonia), (NH 4) 2 SO 4, and superphosphate, Ca(H 2 PO 4) 2, which is formed when rock phosphate is treated with sulfuric acid). AS Ammonium Sulphate by Saf Sulphur - Duration: ... How to Write the Formula for Ammonium phosphate - … Spherical porous titanium dioxide materials, with nanostructure composition, were chemically synthesized from titanate nanotubes via a simple hydrothermal technique, then added as a catalyst to accelerate the route of ammonium phosphate hydrolysis for hydrogen production. Since the crystal ejector 6 removes crystals from the lowest part of cone 25, it will therefore remove crystals having a higher degree of purity. In another more recent patent, a partial solution of the problem is presented, whereby more or less crude monoammonium phosphate suitable for fertilizer use is produced by the neutralization of crude phosphoric with ammonia-containing gases such as coke-oven gas. Production. In fact, I have obtained this salt in the form of well-formed crystals of higher purity than when using a pure form of ammonia. Diammonium Phosphate Mosaic Crop Nutrition CCA Commercial 2 5 NM CEU Fertilizers and Soil Amendments phosphate and ammoniated superphosphates in fertilizer mixing plants is considered a separate process. In vessel 30 I add the requisite amount of phosphoric acid by means of pipe 3 1, and then allow the solution to grow crystals, during which period I may stir the solution by means of stirrer 33. Total ammonium phosphate production in the U.S. in 1992 was estimated to be 7.7 million megagrams (8.5 million tons). Because of its instability, it is elusive and of no commercial value. 3. 10. A novel process for making monoammonium phosphate includes a pre-neutralizing step, a pipeline reactor step, and the projection of a stream of reactants from the pipeline reactor onto a moving belt, to result in a foamed, dry friable product. The industry manufactures five basic fertilizer chemicals: phosphate, ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate and nitric acid. There have been significant improvements in commercial manufacturing a method in the last 10 years to complement the fast growth of the use of ammonium phosphates in worldwide agriculture. 15. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. The mixture of these two is sent to a filter to be separated in several washing steps. Figure 1 presents a simplified flow diagram of the process. A further object is the provision of a process by which pure ammonium phosphates may be produced by the use of relatively impure ingredients, such as byproduct ammonia and crude phosphoric acid. MANUFACTURING METHOD a) Flue Gas Flue gases are source of the ammonium sulfate. 6 0 obj << /Length 7 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream Figure 1 presents a simplified flow diagram of the process. Refer to Section 13.Do not eat, drink, smoke, or use personal products when handling chemical substances. 2 production to solve the energy crisis. Such a precipitate is not gelatinous, as has already been observed in some disclosed processes, and, hence, is not difficult to remove from solution by filtration. A direct process for producing diammonium phosphate, comprising reacting ammonia as contained in by-product coke-oven gas with phosphoric acid dissolved in a solution of ammonium phosphate, maintaining the hydrogen ion cong centration of the solution within the limits of pH=6.8 and pH=7.6, removing a portion of said solution, filtering and returning it to the body of solution undergoing reaction. In an analogous manner the crystal forms of diammonium phosphate are closely related to the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution from which they are formed. Ammonium phosphate is an ammonium salt of orthophosphoric acid. In a process for producing ammonium phosphates from an ammonium phosphate solution containing impurities, the steps of adjusting the hydrogen ion concentration of such solution to the range between pH=6.8 and pH=7.6, removing impurities therefrom, and then recovering ammonium phosphate … The process The following paragraphs describe a process for diammonium phosphate production from phosphoric acid and ammonia via an ammoniation-granulation process using a pipe reactor. As described in my earlier filed application, of which this is a division, if I maintain the solution within the above range, I am able to obtain crystals which are well developed structurally, which settle rapidly from solution, and which are quite pure. Step 1 - Phosphate rock blending and grinding Phosphate rock from different sources have different phosphate, fluoride and silica contents. MCP & DCP 1.2. Sulfuric acid is manufactured at the site using the well-known contact process. 8.4.2 Process Description1 As evidence for this statement, it is generally known that monoammonium phosphate, for example, will be formed in solution over a wide range of hydrogen ion concentrations, i. e., from about a pH of 3.0 to 6.5; however, only over a rather very definite range of acid concentration is it possible to produce crystals of this salt which can be readily and continuously removed from the saturator and in pure form. If the gases contain too much heat, it may be necessary to add water to the saturator to maintain the desired constant level. If weaker acid is supplied to the saturator, I may increase the heat in the gases somewhat, in order to keep, the amount of liquid in the saturator at a constant level. Grade is oft\൥n expressed in terms of bone phosphate of lime \⠀䈀倀䰀尩 or phosphorus pentoxide \⠀倀㈀伀㔀尩. Both triammonium salts evolve ammonia. It will thus be apparent that my process may be operated to recover all of the ammonia present in the gas as an ammonium phosphate. 2. The process for manufacturing MAP is relatively simple. These rocks are mixed in the blending plant to produce a … 4. Since I am able to produce, by my process, substantially pure, saturated diammonium phosphate solution, I may readily produce therefrom a pure monoammonium phosphate. It will be clear from the preceding description that I have invented a process for the production of mono- and diammonium phosphate and particularly one in which these phosphates may be produced in one type of apparatus by suitable change of operating conditions. 8.4 Ammonium Sulfate 8.4.1 General1-2 Ammonium sulfate ([NH4]2SO4) is commonly used as a fertilizer. phosphate and ammoniated superphosphates in fertilizer mixing plants is considered a separate process. Anhydrous ammonia, along when it reacts with phosphoric acid, also results in the production of the ammonium phosphate. Diammonium phosphate Fertilizer Manufacturing. generation. Ammonium Phosphate Monobasic 4 100 7722-76-1 231-764-5 NH H 2 PO 4 115.03 g/mol 4. MCP & DCP 1.2. Ammonium Phosphate Monobasic 4 100 7722-76-1 231-764-5 NH H 2 PO 4 115.03 g/mol 4. An important factor in the production of normal superphosphates is the If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In some prior processes, concentrated acid and concentrated ammonia are employed; while in others an effort is made to utilize the heat of neutralization to evaporate water and thereby eliminate the secondary evaporation step. What I claim is: 1. Phosphate Ore 1.6. and more… Figure 1. ammonium, ammonium forms of N are recommended when the application is made prior to the time of greatest need. H��WMo�6uk#�?L�bW�_�1�H�5��AM��e"�k��п՟�!EI��(��Z�q�7C�-$Z�$��"�-�$�Z��4��"8��Y��%�>�:��o@��!8>}�g�g썤��5�q�k\�׸�5�q�k\��_o�|xxr��g��~�/��!��&!Y\��o��#H��:��(�1� #{�=��g[��T3�P�;&�{8��Y��%\�b.Ex8~M�Ԡ��{�2$qw��I{�}.J�G��N�`�Wp>MҥۚD�"�o[��"W}��߱�䕆��b$M�a�D�0��E�.P��Ѽ�#�uu41��ok��.L�fR��$ԊV�ѽ� Production rates at these plants range from 1.8 to 360 Mg (2 to 400 tons) per year. About Us: Down below is a list of some of the major use cases of ammonium phosphate: Ammonium phosphate is used as a leavening agent during the process of baking By operating in this way, the crystals within cone 25 are washed by a supply of filtered mother liquor, and the surface impurities removed. It has, of course, already been suggested that by-product ammonia, such as occurs in coke-oven gases, be combined with phosphoric acid to produce the ammonium phosphates. UREA-AMMONIUM NITRATE (UAN) PRODUCTION 29 9.1 Overview of UAN Process Technology 29 9.2 Description of Production Processes 29 9.3 Description of Storage and Transfer Equipment 31 9.4 Environmental Data 31 9.5 Emission Monitoring 32 9.6 Major … The dewatered crystals are then discharged into container 13. The production of superphosphate consists of three distinct steps. Ammonium sulfate as by-product The right choice for you GEA Messo PT has a reference list of over fifty successful ammonium sulfate crystallizer installations around the world, has several patents on associated process and equipment features, and continues to work hard on improving its technology for the benefit of its clients. 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